O Impacto do Trabalho por Turnos no Sono e Saúde Psíquica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2020.v6.i1.101Palavras-chave:
Trabalho por turnos; Sono; Saúde Psíquica; Cuidados de SaúdeResumo
O trabalho por turnos pode ser definido como qualquer regime fora do horário laboral usual, cujo objetivo se centre no asseguramento de uma continuidade dos serviços prestados. O setor da saúde é particularmente afetado por este tipo de trabalho. O objetivo do presente estudo é rever a literatura corrente relativa aos efeitos do trabalho por turnos no sono e saúde psíquica dos trabalhadores, dando particular ênfase ao seu impacto nos profissionais de saúde. Foi revista a literatura em inglês entre 1984 e 2017 integralmente disponível no PubMed/MEDLINE que avaliasse o impacto do trabalho por turnos no sono e saúde psíquica dos trabalhadores, através das palavras‑chave: shiftwork disorder, sleep, mental health, medical errors, doctors. Foram identificados efeitos deletérios do trabalho por turnos ao nível do sono, saúde psíquica, desempenho cognitivo e laboral dos trabalhadores. Ao nível do sono, este regime laboral aumenta a sonolência excessiva diurna e a insónia. No que que diz respeito à saúde psíquica, o trabalho por turnos potencia o aparecimento de patologia ansiosa, depressão e abuso de substâncias, produzindo ainda alterações cognitivas significativas. Estas alterações cognitivas assumem particular relevância nos profissionais de saúde, podendo aumentar o número de erros médicos cometidos no horário por turnos. O trabalho por turnos produz efeitos significativos no sono, saúde psíquica e desempenho cognitivo dos trabalhadores. É importante a implementação de medidas institucionais e individuais que possam reduzir o impacto do trabalho por turnos nos trabalhadores, particularmente na área da saúde.
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