Compassion-Based Therapy in Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study on Participant’s Experiences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.681Keywords:
Empathy, Mindfulness, Psychotherapy, Schizophrenia/therapy, Schizophrenic Psychology, Self ConceptAbstract
Introduction: Schizophrenia is associated with psychological distress, functional impairments, and reduced quality of life. Compassion-based therapies, such as the Compassionate Approach to Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder (COMPASS) program, have been proposed as complementary interventions to promote psychosocial recovery. This study explored the experiences of individuals with schizophrenia who participated in the COMPASS program, assessing its feasibility, acceptability, and perceived impact on emotional well-being, clinical symptoms, functioning, social relationships, and quality of life.
Methods: An intervention study with qualitative analysis was conducted. Sixteen outpatients with schizophrenia were invited to participate, of whom nine completed the program. Sessions combined psychoeducation, compassionate mind training, and mindfulness practices. After the intervention, participants were interviewed using a semi-structured guide focused on their overall experience and perceived impact regarding the therapy. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through thematic analysis. Attendance and dropout rates complemented the feasibility assessment.
Results: The dropout rate was 43.8%, occurring mainly during the first few weeks. Among the nine participants who completed the program, mean attendance was high (91.7%). Thematic analysis identified six main themes: (1) well-being and emotional regulation, (2) impact on schizophrenia symptoms, (3) impact on social relationships, (4) functional changes and quality of life, (5) valued aspects of therapy, and (6) overall experience of participation. Most participants reported greater calmness, reduced anxiety, increased compassion, and improvements in relationships and quality of life. Two participants described reductions in auditory hallucinations and paranoid ideas. The group format, psychoeducation, and experiential practices were highlighted as valued components. Main difficulties included initial anxiety, concentration difficulties, and asymmetry in participation. Participants’ suggestions regarding the intervention were also explored.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the COMPASS program is a promising complementary intervention for psychosocial recovery in schizophrenia, with high acceptability. The program appears to promote emotional well-being, improve relational skills and quality of life, and, to a lesser extent, reduce psychotic symptoms. Further studies are needed to clarify the program’s efficacy and optimize its implementation.
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