Riscos Digitais em Psiquiatria: Vulnerabilidade Clínica, Avaliação e Estratégias de Mitigação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.657Palavras-chave:
Aplicações Móveis, Avaliação de Risco, Cyberbullying, Internet, Redes Sociais, Saúde MentalResumo
O desenvolvimento e uso crescente de tecnologias digitais na população associou-se também a uma maior exposição dos indivíduos com patologia psiquiátrica a novos contextos de risco associados aos meios digitais, também designados na literatura como “riscos digitais”. A presente revisão narrativa da literatura procura identificar e descrever os principais riscos digitais em Psiquiatria, as populações com maior vulnerabilidade, o seu impacto nas diferentes patologias e as ferramentas de avaliação existentes. Destacam-se como principais riscos digitais abordados na presente revisão: a desinformação em saúde mental; o autodiagnóstico em Psiquiatria; a exposição a conteúdos prejudiciais online (e.g. conteúdos pró-suicídio, pró-anorexia); o cyberbullying; o grooming; as fraudes e burlas online. É ainda discutida a necessidade de integração na prática clínica da avaliação sistemática da atividade online dos doentes, sobretudo nas populações de risco identificadas. Por fim, são abordadas estratégias de mitigação de risco e os aspetos positivos das tecnologias digitais nos indivíduos com doença mental. Reforça-se a necessidade de integrar a avaliação sistemática do risco digital na prática clínica em psiquiatria, sobretudo em populações vulneráveis. No entanto, destaca-se a escassez de evidência robusta e de instrumentos validados para este efeito, sublinhando-se a necessidade de investigações futuras adicionais que orientem a implementação de estratégias eficazes de mitigação destes riscos.
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