Doença Somática nas Pessoas com Doença Mental Grave
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.375Palavras-chave:
assistência à saúde, estigma social, Perturbações MentaisResumo
Desde o início do século XX que vários autores foram constatando que as pessoas com doença mental grave (DMG) apresentam maiores taxas de doenças médicas crónicas e de mortalidade em relação à população geral. Com este trabalho, pretendeu‐se realizar uma revisão narrativa relativa às particularidades da doença somática e mortalidade nas pessoas com DMG, disparidades no acesso aos cuidados de saúde e intervenções a realizar nesta população.
A literatura é consensual no reconhecimento de que pessoas com DMG têm maiores taxas de doenças médicas
crónicas e uma mortalidade prematura, o que faz com que tenham uma esperança média de vida 10 a 30 anos inferior à população geral. O suicídio não explica estas diferenças. As pessoas com DMG são especialmente afetadas por doenças cardiovasculares, metabólicas e neoplásicas. Estas doenças, embora também muito comuns na população geral, têm um impacto significativamente maior em indivíduos com doença mental. Se parte desta discrepância pode ser atribuível
a limitações funcionais diretamente causadas pela DMG, é reconhecido que a discriminação e o estigma também
têm um papel importante. Pessoas com DMG têm pior acesso aos cuidados de saúde, levando a taxas elevadas de subdiagnóstico e subtratamento.
Na literatura são escassos os estudos dirigidos a intervenções ou programas que possam colmatar a desigualdade
de cuidados de saúde nesta população. As particularidades da expressão de doença somática em pessoas com DMG carecem de estratégias adaptadas de prevenção de nível primário, secundário e terciário, que devem ser priorizadas na investigação clínica e integradas nos programas de saúde nacionais.
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