Dismorfia Muscular e Uso de Esteroides Androgénios‑Anabolizantes: Uma Revisão Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2020.v6.i1.97Palavras-chave:
Anabolizantes, Congéneres da Testosterona, Imagem Corporal, Perturbação Dismórfica CorporalResumo
Introdução: A dismorfia muscular (DM) é um subtipo de perturbação dismórfica corporal, que ocorre em indivíduos que, apesar de apresentarem um físico muscularmente desenvolvido, se consideram magros e fracos. Presentemente, supõe‑se que o uso de esteroides androgénios‑anabolizantes (EAAs) poderá ser um fator perpetuante desta perturbação, mas também que a DM poderá predispor ao uso de EAAs, fármacos utilizados frequentemente pelos seus efeitos na composição corporal, nomeadamente o aumento de massa muscular, mas com efeitos secundários vastos. Esta revisão sistemática pretendeu explorar a atual evidência acerca da associação entre a DM e o uso de EAAs.
Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura mais recente, com inclusão de artigos publicados entre junho 2009 e janeiro 2019.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 12 artigos, sendo que a maioria dos estudos estabeleceram uma associação entre as duas variáveis estudadas, sendo que os resultados oscilaram entre a ausência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas e uma forte associação, sendo o último o que mais frequentemente se encontrou.
Conclusão: A evidência existente da associação entre a DM e o uso de EAAS é ainda pouco consistente, podendo dever‑se à heterogeneidade das ferramentas utilizadas para comparação das mesmas variáveis. Assim, é importante que se estabeleça um modelo ótimo de recolha de informação mais sensível, e que se estabeleçam escalas de avaliação de DM melhor validadas, para que a recolha de dados e a sua análise possam ser as mais corretas possíveis.
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