Avaliação da Qualidade de Sono nos Estudantes de Medicina em Portugal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.496Palavras-chave:
Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono, Estudantes de Medicina, Inquéritos e Questionários, Perturbações do Sono, Qualidade de SonoResumo
Introdução: O sono é um processo fisiológico complexo presente na maioria dos seres vivos. As perturbações do sono têm vindo a aumentar exponencialmente. Os estudantes universitários, particularmente, os estudantes de medicina, são especialmente vulneráveis a esta problemática. Contudo, a literatura existente relativa ao tema é escassa, especialmente, em Portugal. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar a qualidade de sono nos estudantes do curso Medicina da Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal e analisar as diferenças e relações existentes de acordo com a idade, sexo, coabitação e ano de curso.Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal em que os estudantes envolvidos preencheram o Índice da Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburg (PSQI), previamente validado para a população portuguesa. Os valores obtidos, para cada componente do PSQI, foram inicialmente analisados para a população global, e posteriormente relacionados com as variáveis sociodemográficas, visando a obtenção de relações estatisticamente significativas.
Resultados: Duzentos noventa seis estudantes responderam ao questionário. Destes, 62,2% consideraram o seu sono bom; 42,4% obtiveram 1 na componente latência do sono; 50% admitiu dormir entre 6 a 7 horas; 73,9% evidenciou uma eficiência de sono adequada; 85,5% relatou pouco ou nenhum distúrbio do sono; 83,8% referiu nunca ter usado medicação para dormir; e 60,8% mencionou pouca ou nenhuma disfunção diurna. Relativamente ao PSQI global, 73,1% dos estudantes obtiveram uma pontuação superior a 5, indicando uma má qualidade de sono. Das raparigas, 74,7% e dos rapazes, 67,7% revelaram uma pobre qualidade de sono. Dos estudantes, que vivem sozinhos, 91,3% também exibiram uma pobre qualidade de sono. Relativamente ao ano letivo do curso no qual o inquérito foi aplicado, 82,4% dos estudantes do 1o ano reportaram uma pobre qualidade de sono, assim como 77,5% do 2o ano, 72,1% do 3o, 77,8% do 4o, 65,8% do 5o e 71,4% do 6o ano do curso.
Conclusão: Globalmente, os estudantes que participaram neste estudo apresentaram má qualidade de sono, com uma classificação no PSQI superior 5. Contudo, as classificações em cada um dos componentes não são tão negativas. A maioria dos participantes classificam o seu sono como bom ou muito bom, quase metade dos participantes referiram dormir mais de 7 horas e a maioria apresentou uma eficiência de sono superior a 85%. De igual forma, 83,8% nunca usaram medicação para dormir. Não sendo um resultado robusto, torna-se imperioso a realização de mais estudos que o comprovem inequivocamente. Mais, tais estudos também serão imprescindíveis para identificar situações em que a intervenção terapêutica melhorará tais parâmetros.
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